中英双语（领导人演讲致辞）：王毅在第73届联合国大会一般性辩论上的讲话

坚持多边主义 共谋和平发展

Multilateralism, Shared Peace and Development

——在第73届联合国大会一般性辩论上的讲话

The 73rd Session of the United Nations General Assembly

王毅

New York, 28 September 2018

主席女士：

Madam President,

每年9月，全世界都聚焦联合国，聚焦这个神圣庄严的大厅。人们把目光投向这里，期待着联合国把和平、发展、和谐、繁荣带给世界各国人民。人们把目光投向这里，寄予着对美好生活的向往，“让联合国对所有人都重要”，让我们这个世界变得更美好。

Every September, global attention focuses on the United Nations and on this stately Assembly Hall. People watch closely what is happening here, hoping that the United Nations will deliver to the world peace, development, harmony and prosperity. People look to the UN to help realize their dream for a better life, a UN that is committed to "Making the United Nations Relevant to All People", thus making our world a better place for everyone to live in.

联合国的创立奠定了当代国际秩序，基石是《联合国宪章》的宗旨和原则，支撑是多边主义的理念与实践。这一秩序带来了70多年的总体和平和快速发展，以人民为中心的理念日益深入人心，相互依存与合作共赢成为广泛共识。当然，这一秩序也面临种种问题和挑战，需要不断改革和完善。

The contemporary international order, which began with the founding of the United Nations, is based on the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and enhanced by the vision and practice of multilateralism. It has, over the past 70 years or more, brought about general peace and rapid development. A people-centered philosophy has gained wide acceptance, and broad consensus has formed on the need for inter-dependence and win-win cooperation. Yet, it is also true that the international order today faces problems and challenges and needs steady reform and improvement.

世界在变化。面对变化中的世界，我们有理由为人类取得的发展进步感到骄傲和自豪，同时也必须对面临的挑战和困难保持关注和警醒。环顾当今世界，国际规则受到冲击，多边机制面临挑战，国际局势充满不稳定和不确定性。

The world is changing. As we celebrate mankind's proud achievements and progress in an ever-changing world, we must never lose sight of the challenges and difficulties we face, and must remain vigilant. What we see today is that international rules and multilateral mechanisms are under attack, and the international landscape is filled with uncertainties and destabilizing factors.

坚持多边主义，还是听任单边主义？维护国际基本秩序，还是任由它侵蚀坍塌？这关系到各国的未来发展，关系到人类前途命运，是每一个国家必须思考和回答的重大问题。

Should we stay committed to multilateralism or let unilateralism have its way? Should we seek to uphold the architecture of the world order or allow it to be eroded upon and collapse? These are questions of critical importance bearing on the future of all countries and the destiny of mankind, questions that all countries must carefully reflect on and seek answers to.

中国的答案是明确的，我们始终是国际秩序的维护者和多边主义的践行者。中国曾被挡在联合国大门之外长达22年，但我们从未动摇对多边主义的信念，从未放弃对《联合国宪章》宗旨的坚守。中国“复关”和“入世”谈判历时15年，尽管付出了代价，但我们履行了所有承诺，坚持融入世界经济体系。国际金融危机爆发后，中国没有袖手旁观，而是与各方同舟共济，并连续多年以超过30%的贡献率助力全球经济复苏。

China's answer is clear-cut. All along, China has upheld the international order and pursued multilateralism. Though once kept out of the UN for 22 years, China has never wavered in its conviction to multilateralism and to the purposes and principles of the UN Charter. China stayed true to its commitment throughout the negotiation process on its return to the GATT and then accession to the WTO, negotiations that lasted 15 long years and were concluded at a certain price. China fulfilled its promise and integrated itself into the world economic system. After the international financial crisis broke out, China chose not to stand idly by but to work together with other countries to tide over rough times. For years running, China has contributed to over 30% of global growth. It has played its part in helping restore global recovery.

面对新的形势和严峻挑战，中国初心不改，我们将继续坚定奉行多边主义。2015年，就是在这个讲坛上，习近平主席着眼全人类的共同利益，展望我们这个星球的未来发展，提出了共同构建人类命运共同体的重大倡议。这一重大倡议，把握了历史潮流，顺应了时代要求，为共同呵护我们这个地球村注入了信心力量，为共同开创人类更美好的未来指出了努力方向。我们主张，新时代的多边主义应该牢牢把握以下原则：

In the face of new developments and severe challenges, China will keep to its commitment and remain a champion of multilateralism. Standing at this podium back in 2015, Chinese President Xi Jinping, in his statement reflecting the keen understanding of mankind's common interests and the future of our planet, called for building a community with a shared future for mankind. This major initiative is in keeping with the trend of history, and it echoes the call of the times. It adds to our conviction and strength as we pursue the common endeavor to protect this global village. It points to the direction for us to work together to open up an even better future for mankind. To uphold multilateralism in the new era, we believe the following principles need to be adhered to:

第一，坚持以合作共赢为目标。世界正处于百年未有之大变局，面临的问题和挑战前所未有，任何一个国家都不可能单打独斗，独善其身。只有以合作代替对抗，以协商取代胁迫，建设大家庭而不是拼凑小圈子，坚持共商共建而不是搞赢者通吃，这个世界才有光明的未来。

First, we must pursue win-win cooperation. Our world is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century. Also unseen before are the problems and challenges we are faced with. No country can meet them alone or stay immune to their impact. What we need to do is to replace confrontation with cooperation and coercion with consultation. We must stick together as one big family instead of forming closed circles. We must promote common development through consultation instead of taking a winner-takes-all approach. This is a sure way for a bright future to be ushered in to the world.

第二，坚持以规则秩序为基础。国家交往讲诚信，不能出尔反尔；国际合作讲规则，不能我行我素。践行多边主义的重要内涵，首先体现在维护《联合国宪章》，遵循国际法和国际关系基本准则，信守共同商定的国际协议。

Second, we must act upon rules and order. State-to-state relations should be based on credibility, not willful revocation of commitments. International cooperation should be guided by rules, not impulse. Practicing multilateralism is, first and foremost, about upholding the UN Charter, observing international law and the basic norms governing international relations and honoring international agreements reached upon through negotiations.

第三，坚持以公平正义为要旨。在国际事务中，公平正义既体现为大小国家一律平等，更体现在大国有责任帮助小国，富国有义务援助穷国。既体现为相互尊重主权、独立和领土完整，更体现在尊重各国自主选择的发展道路，尊重各国追求美好生活和发展空间的权利。

Third, we must uphold fairness and justice. In international affairs, fairness and justice means equality between all countries, big or small. It means responsibility for big countries to help the small and the rich to assist the poor. Fairness and justice also means respect for other countries' sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity, as well as their choice of development path and the right to a better life and to more development opportunities.

第四，坚持以有效行动为导向。多边主义不是空喊口号，而是要解决问题，必须聚焦症结，讲求实效，取得可视性成果。多边机制能否有效，取决于各国的意愿和参与。当前，我们尤其要共同维护好以联合国为核心的国际体系，维护好以世界贸易组织为核心的多边贸易体制。

Fourth, we must act to deliver real results. Multilateralism is not about making empty rhetoric. It must be pursued to solve problems. Efforts must be targeted, results-oriented, and measured by visible progress. Whether a multilateral mechanism works depends on the will and engagement of countries in the world. It is imperative that we work together to uphold the international system with the United Nations at its core as well as the multilateral trading system centering on the World Trade Organization.

多边主义需要强有力的联合国。中国支持古特雷斯秘书长在和平安全、经济发展、内部管理三大领域对联合国系统进行改革。改革要坚持会员国主导原则，重视发展中国家关切，提高联合国运行效率，加强监督和问责。稳定、可预测的财政是联合国运转的基础。中国会继续履行好应尽的财政义务。我们敦促各国都及时足额缴纳会费和维和摊款。

Multilateralism requires a strong United Nations. China supports Secretary-General Guterres in his endeavor to advance reform of the UN system in the three critical areas of peace and security, economic development and internal management. Such reform should be led by member states. It should be designed to prioritize concerns of developing countries, make the UN more efficient and enhance oversight and accountability. Crucial to the UN's proper functioning is stable and predictable funding. China will continue to fulfill its due financial obligations, and China calls upon other member states to pay their membership contributions and peacekeeping assessments on time and in full.

主席女士，

Madam President,

人类发展进步的车轮不可阻挡。伴随这一进程，和平、和解、和谐已成历史大势，战争、冲突、恐怖终将失去人心。伴随这一进程，平等互信、合作共赢已是历史必然，强权政治、丛林法则日益失去市场。作为负责任大国，中国坚持走和平发展道路，愿同各国一道，为世界和平与安全作出应有的贡献。

The course of development and progress for humanity is unstoppable. Peace, reconciliation and harmony are the surging trend, while war, conflict and terror are opposed by all. Equality, mutual trust and win-win cooperation are the call of our times, whereas power politics and the law of the jungle find no support. As a major responsible country, China commits itself to the path of peaceful development, and China will work with other countries and contribute its share to global peace and security.

今年以来，朝鲜半岛局势迎来重大转机，这是各方努力的结果，中方也为此作出了贡献。中国支持半岛北南双方全面改善关系，支持朝美两国推进对话进程。中方鼓励朝方沿着无核化的正确方向继续前行，同时认为美方也应及时作出积极回应，与朝方真正相向而行。我们将继续承担应尽的国际责任和义务，严格执行安理会各项涉朝决议，同时也呼吁安理会根据局势发展变化及时采取行动，为通过政治外交手段和平解决半岛问题创造更有利条件。解决半岛问题的有效途径是，既要实现半岛完全无核化，也要建立半岛和平机制。只有让两个轮子一起向前转动，问题才能解决，和平才有希望。

Since this year, the situation on the Korean Peninsula has seen a major turnaround thanks to the efforts of all parties concerned. China, on its part, has contributed to such development. China supports all-out improvement of relations between the North and the South of the Peninsula, as well as efforts to facilitate dialogues between the DPRK and the US. China encourages the DPRK to continue moving along the right direction of denuclearization. At the same time, we believe it is also right for the US to make timely and positive responses so as to truly meet the DPRK half way. China will continue to honor its due international responsibility and obligation, and will strictly implement Security Council resolutions related to the DPRK. Meanwhile, China calls upon the Security Council to take timely actions in light of the development and changes of the situation to create more favorable conditions for a peaceful settlement of the Peninsula issue through political and diplomatic means. Effective settlement of the issue requires complete denuclearization as well as establishment of a peace mechanism. Only when the two wheels move in tandem can the issue be truly resolved and can peace start to dawn.

伊朗核问题全面协议进入能否继续得到执行的关键期。这一协议是经过协商一致，并得到联合国安理会核可的多边协议，符合各方及国际社会的共同利益。如果协议得不到执行，受冲击的将是国际核不扩散体系，受挑战的将是安理会的权威和作用，受威胁的将是国际和地区和平稳定。没有谁能从中受益。为此，中方敦促各方继续遵守和执行全面协议。在这个前提下，可以探讨建立包容透明的对话平台，通过对话协商妥善解决各方关心的问题。

Regarding the Iranian nuclear issue, now is a crucial time for continued implementation of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). The JCPOA is a consensus-based multilateral agreement endorsed by the UN Security Council. It serves the common interests of all parties concerned and the international community at large. If the agreement fails to be implemented, the international nuclear non-proliferation regime will be undermined, the authority and role of the Security Council challenged, and peace and stability in both this region and the wider world jeopardized. That is a scenario in which no one stands to gain. China urges parties concerned to continue observing and implementing the JCPOA. On this basis, possibility could be explored for a dialogue platform that is inclusive and transparent to facilitate proper settlement of each party's concerns through dialogue and consultation.

巴勒斯坦问题不应被边缘化。和平与正义已经迟到70多年！在这个问题上，国际社会缺少的不是方案和倡议，而是意愿和行动。为落实“两国方案”，应开展新一轮促和努力，尝试新的斡旋机制。中国将为此发挥我们的作用，并继续向巴勒斯坦人民提供人道援助。

The question of Palestine must not be marginalized. For more than seven decades, peace and justice have remained elusive in that part of the world. On this issue, what the international community needs most is not proposal or initiative, but rather resolve and action. To implement the two-state solution, a new round of peace-promoting efforts need to be made to explore a new mediation mechanism. To that end, China will play its part and Chinese humanitarian assistance to the Palestinian people will continue.

缅甸若开邦问题的解决不可能一蹴而就，需要按照“止暴、遣返、发展”三阶段设想不断推进。缅甸和孟加拉国是搬不走的邻居，也应成为拆不散的伙伴。昨天，我同缅甸、孟加拉国同事以及古特雷斯秘书长共同举行了会晤，缅、孟双方就尽快启动首批避乱民众重返家园达成了共识。我们相信缅、孟双方能够通过友好协商解决好这一问题。

The issue involving Rakhine State of Myanmar cannot be resolved overnight, and steady progress needs to be made through a three-phased process involving cessation of violence, return of displaced persons and economic development. Myanmar and Bangladesh are inseparable neighbors, and could well be inseparable partners. Yesterday, at my meeting with colleagues from Myanmar and Bangladesh and also in the presence of Secretary-General Guterres, agreement was reached between Myanmar and Bangladesh on accelerating the return of the first batch of displaced persons. We believe Myanmar and Bangladesh are capable of resolving this issue properly through friendly negotiations.

中国支持联合国发挥主导作用，协调应对非传统安全挑战。网络、外空都是全球治理的新疆域，都要讲主权、讲规则、讲责任。恐怖主义是人类的公敌，没有任何理由可以为其开脱。要落实安理会决议，坚决打击网络恐怖主义、恐怖融资、极端思想传播，铲除恐怖主义赖以生存的土壤。

China supports the UN's leading role in coordinating responses to non-traditional security challenges. In the new frontiers of global governance like cyber space and outer space, state sovereignty must be upheld, rules observed, and responsibilities honored. Terrorism, a menace to the entire human society, should by no means be justified. Security Council resolutions must be earnestly implemented to counter cyber terrorism, terrorist financing and the spread of radical narratives, so as to remove the breeding ground of terrorism.

主席女士，

Madam President,

发展对当今世界至关重要。我们既要解决发展不充分问题，更要解决发展不平衡问题。世界上没有一统天下的发展模式。每个国家都有权利寻找适合本国国情的发展道路，让人民获得幸福和安全，让孩子充满信心和希望。各国发展面临的问题不同。存在问题就是改革的动力，解决问题就是发展的过程。

Development is essential for our world today. We need to address both insufficient development and, more important, the imbalance in development. There is no one-size-fits-all model. Every country is entitled to explore a development path that suits itself to deliver happiness and security to its people, and bring a future of confidence and hope to its children. Countries face various questions in development. Questions themselves could be turned into drivers for reform, and solutions to problems could bring about development.

经济全球化不能成为区分胜利者和失败者的标杆，更不能成为扩大南北差距的鸿沟。我们既要适应经济全球化的大势，也要确保它沿着开放、包容、普惠、平衡、共赢的方向前进，真正惠及每个国家和每个人。

Economic globalization should not be a process for some to gain and others to lose, still less should it result in widening the gap between the North and the South. It is important that we adapt ourselves to the trend of economic globalization, and see to it that such a process is open, inclusive, balanced and win-win to deliver benefits to all.

国际贸易的本质是优势互补、互利共赢，不应是一方得利、一方受损的零和博弈，更不能将一己之私凌驾于所有人的利益之上。保护主义最终将损害自己，单边行动势必殃及各方。面对贸易摩擦，中国始终主张通过平等对话与协商，按照规则和共识予以妥善解决。中国不接受讹诈，更不惧怕施压。中国采取的立场，不仅是在维护自身正当权益，也是在维护自由贸易体系，维护国际规则秩序，维护世界经济复苏的前景，维护世界各国的共同利益。

International trade is complementary and win-win by nature. It should not be a zero-sum game in which one gains at the expense of others, and no one should be allowed to place its own interest above the interest of others. Protectionism will only hurt oneself, and unilateral moves will bring damage to all. Regarding trade frictions, China stands for a proper settlement based on rules and consensus through dialogue and consultation on an equal footing. China will not be blackmailed or yield to pressure. China has taken steps not just to defend its own legitimate rights and interests. China is also acting to uphold the free trade system and international rules and order for the benefit of global recovery and the common interests of all countries.

落实2030年可持续发展议程应该置于本届联大议程最突出位置。要将这一议程与各国发展战略深入对接，共同走创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的发展道路。要强化发展伙伴关系，构建以联合国为核心、南北合作为主渠道、南南合作为补充的全球发展合作格局。应对气候变化是可持续发展的内在要求，我们希望今年底如期完成《巴黎协定》实施细则谈判，各国携手建设全球生态文明。

Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development should top the agenda of the current session of the General Assembly. We need to incorporate the implementation of this agenda into the development strategies of member states and pursue innovation-driven, coordinated, green and open development that benefits all. We need to forge closer partnerships for development and pursue international development cooperation with the UN at its center, North-South cooperation as the main channel, supplemented by South-South cooperation. To meet climate change is crucial to achieving sustainable development. China hopes to see negotiations on the implementation guidelines of the Paris Agreement be concluded, as scheduled, by the end of this year to boost joint efforts for global ecological conservation.

主席女士，

Madam President,

在人类发展进步的壮阔征程上，中国与世界各国结伴前行。今年是中国改革开放40周年。40年来，我们历经风雨，砥砺前行，走出了一条中国特色社会主义道路。

In pursuing our common cause for development and progress for humankind, China has worked in partnership with other countries of the international community. This year marks the 40th anniversary of China's reform and opening-up program. Over the past 40 years, we have worked hard and forged ahead successfully along a path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

这条道路，给中国带来了翻天覆地的变化。40年来，7亿多人口摆脱绝对贫困，占同期全球减贫人口总数的70%以上。建立覆盖13.5亿人口的基本医疗保险和9亿多人口的社会养老保险制度，为人类发展进步作出了我们的贡献。中国高速铁路已达2.5万公里，占世界高铁总里程三分之二，带动全球基础设施建设迈上新水平。根据国际权威机构民调，在世界各国中，中国民众对国家发展成就的满意度和对发展前景的信心始终名列第一。

This path has brought fundamental changes to China. Over the past 40 years, more than 700 million of the Chinese population have been lifted out of absolute poverty, which accounts for over 70% of the global total in the same period. A basic medical insurance system has been set up to cover the 1.35 billion Chinese people, and a social pension network accessible to over 900 million people is now fully instituted, all as part of China's contribution to human development and progress. Starting from scratch, China has built some 25,000 kilometers of high-speed railway. This accounts for two thirds of the global total and helps elevate global infrastructure construction. According to polls conducted by authoritative international polling agencies, China tops global rankings in terms of public satisfaction with its development and of public confidence in the future of development.

这条道路，向世界分享了共同发展的机遇。40年来，中国对外贸易额年均增长14.5%，为世界经济注入持久动力，提供了巨大市场。我们有信心继续保持经济向好势头，努力实现高质量发展，加快建设现代化经济体系，给世界创造更多贸易机会，为各国提供更好投资环境。中国决不会封闭倒退，开放的大门只会越开越大。中国也不会高筑壁垒，准入的门槛只会越降越低。中国一直是世界上开放步伐最快、开放幅度最大的发展中国家，我们在降低整体关税方面已经超额完成了加入世贸组织时作出的承诺，服务贸易的开放范围更是接近发达国家的平均水平。今年11月，中国将在上海举行首届国际进口博览会，这是我们主动向世界开放市场的又一重大举措，欢迎各国踊跃参与。

The path of development China pursues has provided the world with opportunities for common development. Over the past 40 years, China's foreign trade has registered an average annual growth of 14.5%. This has sustained impetus for global growth and offered the world a huge Chinese market. We have every confidence to maintain the momentum and realize high-quality development. China will speed up efforts to build an advanced economic system, and this will create greater trade opportunities and an even better investment environment for other countries. Going forward, China will not reverse course or shut the door close. China will open still wider to the world. China will not erect market barriers but will expand access to the Chinese market. Of all developing countries in the world, China has been the fastest in opening up to a level that is unparalleled by others. When it comes to overall tariff reduction, China has accomplished more than what it committed when joining the WTO. The breadth of China's openness in services is close to the average level of developed countries. This November, China will host the first International Import Expo in Shanghai. It will be yet another major step to open China's market. Countries are welcome to take an active part in the event.

习近平主席提出共建“一带一路”倡议，是中国向世界提供的公共产品，已成为规模最大的国际合作平台。“一带一路”建设坚持共商共建共享，秉承开放透明包容，遵循国际规则法律，追求绿色环保可持续，旨在通过优势互补，实现共同发展繁荣。截至今年9月，已有130多个国家和国际组织与中国签署了合作协议。中国明年将举办第二届“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛，欢迎各方积极参与。

The Belt and Road Initiative proposed by President Xi Jinping is a public good China offers the world. Indeed, it has grown into the largest platform for international cooperation. It aims to deliver benefits for all through consultation and cooperation. The Initiative is open, transparent and inclusive; it is based on international rules and laws, and it aims to achieve green, environment-friendly and sustainable development. It is about pursuing common prosperity through greater complementarity among participating countries. By September this year, over 130 countries and international organizations have signed agreements on Belt and Road cooperation with China. Next year, China will host the second Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation, and we welcome all parties to go and attend this event.

中国是世界上最大的发展中国家。无论过去、现在和将来，加强与广大发展中国家的团结合作，始终是中国外交坚定不移的战略选择。这是由中国的国家定位、制度属性和价值取向所决定的，不会因为中国自身的发展发生任何改变，也不会因为国际风云的变幻出现丝毫动摇。

China is the largest developing country in the world. To strengthen cooperation and solidarity with other developing countries has been and will continue to be the staunch strategic priority for China's diplomacy. This is determined by what defines China as a country and by the system and values China upholds. No matter how much China has grown in strength, and however the international landscape may change, this strategic priority of China will remain unchanged.

主席女士，

Madam President,

联合国是支持和践行多边主义最主要的平台。我们期待，本届联大成为维护多边主义、共谋和平发展的一届联大。我们希望，国际社会携起手来，支持联合国在国际事务中发挥中心作用。我们呼吁，各国人民同心协力，共同构建人类命运共同体！

The United Nations is the premium platform to advocate and practice multilateralism. We hope the current session of the General Assembly will go down in the record for its part in upholding multilateralism and world peace and development. We hope that all of us in the international community will support the UN in playing its central role in international affairs. And we call upon people of all countries to join hands and work together to build a community with a shared future for mankind.

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